Which type of breaker is designed to prevent arc faults?

The AFCI (Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter) breaker is specifically developed to prevent arc faults, which are unintended electrical discharges that can occur in wiring or appliances. These arc faults can create a significant fire hazard if not detected and addressed promptly. The AFCI breaker continuously monitors the electrical circuit for the distinctive signature of an arc and interrupts the circuit if an arc is detected, thereby reducing the risk of electrical fires.

In contrast, GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) breakers protect against ground faults, which occur when electricity finds an alternative path to the ground, often through a person, which can lead to electric shock. Standard breakers primarily protect against overloads and short circuits by disconnecting power during such events, but they do not detect arcs. Sub panel breakers are simply circuit breakers installed in a sub panel and do not inherently provide specialized protection against arc faults.

Understanding the specific function of the AFCI breaker allows for a safer electrical system, particularly in residential settings where older wiring or the presence of flammable materials may increase the risk of fire hazards.